The lesson “Human Environment Interaction ” is the 7th lesson for class 7 social science, Board of Secondary Education Manipur. All the solutions for this chapter are provided.
- Chapter Name: Human Environment Interaction Class 7
- Subject: Social Science
- Lesson: 7
- Class: 7
- Board: Board Of Secondary Education Manipur (BOSEM/BSEM)
- Contents: Questions and Answers, Explanation Video and notes
If you have any questions regarding the lesson or have any suggestions, ask me through Whatsapp. Links are provided below👇
Human Environment Interaction Important Notes
Here are some important notes for the lesson Human Environment Interaction.
Life in Desert Regions
Deserts are areas where the annual rainfall is less than 25 cm, making them very dry and unable to support much vegetation. There are two types of deserts: hot deserts and cold deserts.
Sahara – The Hot Desert
Location: The Sahara is the largest desert in the world, located in North Africa. It stretches from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. One-fourth of the region is covered with sand, while the rest includes mountains, plateaus, plains, sand dunes, and oases. The Nile River flows along the eastern edge, and the Niger River runs along the western edge. Lake Chad is the only freshwater lake in the Sahara.
Climate: In the summer, temperatures can reach up to 55°C. During the winter, temperatures can drop to freezing. Days are extremely hot, while nights are very cold.
Natural Vegetation: Most of the Sahara is barren. Plants here have adapted to the hot, dry climate by developing long, deep roots, waxy leaves, and thorny surfaces to reduce water loss. Cacti and date palms are the main types of vegetation and are used by both people and animals.
People: People live near oases where they can farm. They grow crops like Egyptian cotton. To stay cool, they build thick-walled houses with small windows and wear loose, white clothing. Many people in the Sahara are nomadic tribes who rely on camels, which can survive for long periods without food or water.
Resources: Libya, Algeria, and Egypt have developed oil resources in the Sahara.
Ladakh: The Cold Desert
Location: Ladakh is in the eastern part of Jammu and Kashmir (now a union territory in India). It is home to the Ladakh and Karakoram mountain ranges. Mount Godwin-Austen (K2), the second-highest peak in the world, is located here. The Indus River flows through central Ladakh. Important mountain passes include the Karakoram Pass and the Zoji La Pass.
Climate: Ladakh is in the rain shadow of the southwest monsoon, resulting in very little annual rainfall (less than 25 cm). The climate is harsh, with heavy snowfall and extreme cold.
Natural Vegetation
Because of the severe cold, vegetation cannot thrive. Lower reaches of the mountains have elm, yew, cypress, and willow trees. Animals like hare, kiang, and wild sheep are found here. The lizard is the only reptile.
People
People in Ladakh are sturdy and hardworking. They grow wheat, barley, vegetables, apples, apricots, walnuts, and grapes. Yak is an important animal that provides milk and wool. Pashmina wool from a special goat is a major source of income.
Life in Tropical and Subtropical Regions
Amazon Basin
Location: The Amazon is the world’s largest river by volume of water. It rises in the Andes Mountains, flows through Brazil, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.
Climate: The Amazon Basin has a very hot and wet climate, with an annual rainfall of 200 cm. Day and night are almost equal in length throughout the year.
Natural Vegetation: The Amazon Basin is a rainforest with lush, evergreen trees. The dense canopy prevents sunlight from reaching the forest floor. Important trees include ebony, rosewood, mahogany, rubber, and cinchona.
Wildlife: The Amazon Basin is home to two million species of insects, thousands of species of fish, and 600 species of mammals like jaguars, alligators, monkeys, and sloths.
People: Indigenous people, known as tribals, live along the river. They live by hunting, fishing, gathering food, and shifting cultivation. They live in small thatched huts, and hammocks or swinging rest couches are popular. In recent years, forests have been cleared for farming and grazing, which has become a serious problem.
Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain
Location: The Ganga-Brahmaputra plain is in the northern part of India, about 2000 km long. It includes parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. The main tributaries of the Ganga are the Yamuna, Ghaghra, Gomti, Chambal, and Son. The Brahmaputra plain is mainly in Assam, with many riverine islands. It joins the Ganga in Bangladesh, forming a large delta known as the Sundarbans.
Climate: This region has a monsoon climate with hot summers. Rainfall exceeds 200 cm annually in the Brahmaputra Basin and the eastern Ganga Basin. Winters are cold and dry.
Natural Vegetation: The plains have lush vegetation. Common trees include sal, teak, and bamboo.
People: The plains are densely populated. People practice sedentary farming, growing rice, wheat, sugarcane, and jute. They live in towns and villages with good road and rail networks.
Life in Temperate Regions
Prairies
Location: Prairies are found in the interior parts of the USA and Canada. They are flat, fertile plains with few trees.
Climate: The climate has hot summers with temperatures up to 20°C, and cold winters with heavy snowfall. Rainfall is moderate, around 40 cm annually.
Natural Vegetation: Prairies have short grass with few trees, mostly near river valleys.
People: The main occupation is cattle rearing and farming. Large cattle farms, known as ranches, are common. The farms are modern, equipped with machines, radio, television, and internet.
Veld
Location: The Veld is in the eastern part of the plateau of South Africa, between the Drakensberg Mountains in the east and the Kalahari Desert in the west.
Climate: The Veld has a moderate climate, with warm summers and cool, dry winters.
Natural Vegetation: Grass is the natural vegetation, with scattered trees on hills and along rivers.
People: People in the Veld rear cattle and sheep. Angora goats and Merino sheep are known for their wool. Gold and coal are found near Johannesburg. Maize is the main food crop, and tobacco, cotton, and citrus fruits are also important.
Human Environment Interaction Questions and Answers
All the solutions for the chapter Human Environment Interaction for class 7 are as follows.
Answer the following questions in a sentence:
(a) What are the economic activities of the Bedouins and the Tuaregs?
Ans. Animal rearing and farming.
(b) Name the main mountain ranges of Ladakh.
Ans. The Ladakh Range and the Karakoram Range.
(c) Which is the largest delta in the world?
Ans. The Sundarbans.
Answer the following questions in about 40 words each:
(a) Describe the forest wealth of the Amazon basin.
Ans. The forest wealth of the Amazon basin consists of trees like ebony, rosewood, mahogany, rubber, and cinchona. It also has two million species of insects, thousands of fish, and 600 mammals.
(b) Write about the agricultural crops of the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
Ans. Wheat and sugarcane are the main crops in the western Ganga plain, while rice and jute are largely grown in the eastern Ganga plain and the Brahmaputra plain.
(c) How are the two types of wheat cultivated in the Prairies?
Ans. In Canada, wheat is sown in the spring season and matures in late summer; it is called spring wheat. In the USA, it is sown in autumn and harvested in early summer; it is called winter wheat.
(d) Compare the temperature and rainfall conditions of the Sahara desert with those of Ladakh.
Ans.
The Sahara Desert:
(i) The temperature goes up to 55°C in summer, while it drops to freezing point in winter.
(ii) The annual rainfall is less than 25 cm.
Ladakh:
(i) The summer area is warm, while in winter there is heavy snowfall.
(ii) The annual rainfall is less than 25 cm.
Choose the correct answer:
(i) The most important occupation of the people in the veld is
Ans. (a) Sheep rearing
(ii) The thick rainforests in Brazil are known as
Ans. (c) Selvas
(iii) Why is sheep rearing on a commercial scale not successful in Manipur?
Ans. (c) Hilly, rugged terrain
Write True or False against the following statements:
(a) Merino sheep is reared for its wool in Ladakh.
False
(b) Veld is located in the interior parts of Canada.
False
(c) The river Nile flows through the Sahara.
True
(d) Shifting cultivation is practised in the plains of India.
False
(e) Ranches are big cattle farms in the Prairies.
True
(f) The Sundarbans is the largest delta in the world.
True
